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“In recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity,” he shared the 1903 Nobel Prize for Physics (with Pierre and Marie Curie). Becquerel was born in Paris, France into a wealthy family which produced four generations of physicists: Becquerel's grandfather (Antoine César Becquerel), father (Alexandre-Edmond Becquerel), and son (Jean Becquerel). Becquerel's discovery of spontaneous radioactivity is a famous example of serendipity, of how chance favors the prepared mind. For several years the young man’s research was concerned with the rotation of plane-polarized light by magnetic fields, a subject opened by Michael Faraday and to which Henri’s father had also contributed. Becquerel 1903 -ban megosztott fizikai Nobel-díjat kapott Pierre és Marie Curie -vel a radioaktivitás felfedezéséért. Henri then concerned himself with infrared radiation, examining, among other things, the spectra of different phosphorescent crystals under infrared stimulation. Biography Early life. To account for this novelty he postulated a long-lived form of invisible phosphorescence; when he shortly traced the activity to uranium metal, he interpreted it as a unique case of metallic phosphorescence. From the charge to mass value thus obtained, he showed that the beta particle was the same as Joseph John Thomson’s recently identified electron. If one places between the phosphorescent substance and the paper a piece of money or a metal screen pierced with a cut-out design, one sees the image of these objects appear on the negative ... One must conclude from these experiments that the phosphorescent substance in question emits rays which pass through the opaque paper and reduce silver salts.[16][17]. Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Becquerel began publishing works related to the flat polarization of light, with the phenomenon of phosphorescence and the absorption of light by crystals. In 1903 he shared the Nobel Prize for Physics with … Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Reconeixements. [1] Becquerel has been honored with being the namesake of many different scientific discoveries. Antoine Henri Becquerel (lahir di Paris, 15 Desember 1852 – meninggal di Le Croisic, 25 Agustus 1908 pada umur 55 tahun) adalah salah seorang fisikawan asal Prancis yang menemukan radioaktivitas. In the earlier experiments he wrapped the photographic plate in black paper and put the uranium salt on top of it in bright sunlight, outside the black paper. Becquerel reported this discovery to the Académie des Sciences at its session on February 24, 1896, noting that certain salts of uranium were particularly active. [8] Early in his career, Becquerel also studied the Earth's magnetic fields.[8]. Becquerel had long been interested in phosphorescence, the emission of light of one color following a body's exposure to light of another color. He thus confirmed his view that something very similar to X rays was emitted by this luminescent substance at the same time it threw off visible radiation. Omissions? Antoine Henri Becquerel, nado o 15 de decembro de 1852 e falecido o 25 de agosto de 1908, foi un físico francés. For his discovery of radioactivity, Becquerel shared the 1903 Nobel Prize for Physics with the Curies; he was also honoured with other medals and memberships in foreign societies. On page 50 of volume 2, Edmond noted that Niepce de Saint-Victor had observed that some objects that had been exposed to sunlight could expose photographic plates even in the dark. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Henri Becquerel Worksheets This is a fantastic bundle which includes everything you need to know about Henri Becquerel across 23 in-depth pages. Becquerel, Henri (1852-1908) French physicist who was the son of physicist Edmond Becquerel , and father of physicist Jean Becquerel . [8] His death was caused by unknown causes, but was reported that "he had developed serious burns on his skin, likely from the handling of radioactive materials. [5] Becquerel's other experiments allowed him to research more into radioactivity and figure out different aspects of the magnetic field when radiation is introduced into the magnetic field. En 1896, un ano despois do descubrimento dos raios X por Röntgen, Becquerel descubriu accidentalmente a radioactividade mentres investigaba a fosforescencia cun cristal dun … His family had produced four generations of scientists. Henri Becquerel (Paris, December 15, 1852 - Le Croisic, August 25, 1908) was a member of a family in which science was listed as a generational heritage. Rugadh e ann am Paris agus chaidh e na oileanach aig an École Polytechnique ann an 1872.Rannsaich e buaidh na raointean magnaiteach air solas, pòlarachd solais agus caoir-bianag ach fhuair e an dotaireachd aige ann an 1888 airson a theusais mu dheidhinn … Born on December 15, 1852 in Paris, Henri Becquerel belonged to a long lineage of distinguished scholars and scientists. In early 1896, there was a wave of excitement following Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen's discovery of X-rays on 5 January. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. In 1868, Edmond Becquerel published a book, La lumière: ses causes et ses effets (Light: Its causes and its effects). By May 1896, after other experiments involving non-phosphorescent uranium salts, he arrived at the correct explanation, namely that the penetrating radiation came from the uranium itself, without any need for excitation by an external energy source. Later, in 1894, Henri Becquerel became chief engineer in the Department of Bridges and Roads before beginning his first experiments. [7], In Becquerel's early career, he became the third in his family to occupy the physics chair at the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle in 1892. "When different radioactive substances were put in the magnetic field, they deflected in different directions or not at all, showing that there were three classes of radioactivity: negative, positive, and electrically neutral. During 1896 Becquerel published seven papers on radioactivity, as Marie Curie later named the phenomenon; in 1897, only two papers; and in 1898, none. [24] During his lifetime, Becquerel was honored with membership into the Accademia dei Lincei and the Royal Academy of Berlin. Initially, Becquerel also studied the Earth's magnetic fields. Henri Becquerel, in full Antoine-Henri Becquerel, (born December 15, 1852, Paris, France—died August 25, 1908, Le Croisic), French physicist who discovered radioactivity through his investigations of uranium and other substances. [5] Becquerel did not survive much longer after his discovery of radioactivity and died on 25 August 1908, at the age of 55, in Le Croisic, France. Born into a family of scientists, Becquerel followed his father into the academic field of physics. Both his father, Alexandre Edmond Becquerel, and his grandfather, Antoine César Becquerel, were scientists. One was to measure, in 1899 and 1900, the deflection of beta particles, which are a constituent of the radiation in both electric and magnetic fields. This was an index of both his and the scientific world’s interest in the subject, for the period saw studies of numerous radiations (e.g., cathode rays, X rays, Becquerel rays, “discharge rays,” canal rays, radio waves, the visible spectrum, rays from glowworms, fireflies, and other luminescent materials), and Becquerel rays seemed not especially significant. Antoine Henri Becquerel es morí el 25 d'agost de 1908, a l'edat de 55 anys, a la seva residència de Le Croisic, a la Bretanya. He won the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics with Pierre and Marie Curie, the latter of whom was Becquerel’s graduate student. He was the discoverer of radioactivity, for which he was awarded the 1903 Nobel Prize, sharing the award with Pierre and Marie Curie. Since the sun did not come out in the following days, I developed the photographic plates on the 1st of March, expecting to find the images very weak. "[20], In 1889, Becquerel became a member of the Académie des Sciences. Antoine Henri Becquerel (15 December 1852 – 25 August 1908) was a French physicist. Author of. However, the present experiments, without being contrary to this hypothesis, do not warrant this conclusion. Antoine Henri Becquerel (n. 15 decembrie 1852, Paris, Franța – d. 25 august 1908, Le Croisic, Franța) a fost un fizician francez, laureat al Premiului Nobel în domeniul fizicii, în anul 1903, ca urmare a descoperirii fenomenului de radioactivitate spontană. At the end of 1895, Wilhelm Röntgen discovered X rays. His father was not only a scientist, but he was employed as a professor of Applied Physics. Another discovery was the circumstance that the allegedly active substance in uranium, uranium X, lost its radiating ability in time, while the uranium, though inactive when freshly prepared, eventually regained its lost radioactivity. [8] Becquerel was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 1908. For work in this field he, along with Marie Skłodowska-Curie (Marie Curie) and Pierre Curie,[3] received the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics. To test this hypothesis, he placed phosphorescent crystals upon a photographic plate that had been wrapped in opaque paper so that only a penetrating radiation could reach the emulsion. Synopsis Henri Becquerel was born in Paris, France, on December 15, 1852. Becquerel was born in Paris into a wealthy family which produced four generations of physicists: Becquerel's grandfather (Antoine César Becquerel), father (Alexandre-Edmond Becquerel), and son (Jean Becquerel). Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [5] In 1874, Henri married Lucie Zoé Marie Jamin, who would die while giving birth to their son, Jean. francia fizikus. He studied engineering at the École Polytechnique and the École des Ponts et Chaussées. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Henri Becquerel (15 Dec 1852 – 25 Aug 1908) Antoine-Henri Becquerel was a French physicist who discovered radioactivity in fluorescent salts of uranium. Henri made this discovery when he left a piece of radium in his vest pocket and noticed that he had been burnt by it. Henri started off his education by attending the Lycée Louis-le-Grand school, a prep school in Paris. Namanya digunakan untuk satuan radioaktivitas Biografi Kehidupan awal. During the experiment, Röntgen "found that the Crookes tubes he had been using to study cathode rays emitted a new kind of invisible ray that was capable of penetrating through black paper". Corrections? Of particular significance, he extended the work of his father by studying the relation between absorption of light and emission of phosphorescence in some uranium compounds. A French physicist who discovered radioactivity through his investigations of uranium and other substances, Henri Becquerel was born in Paris on December 15, 1852, a member of a distinguished family of scholars and scientists. Updates? Antoine Henri Becquerel (15. prosince 1852, Paříž – 25. srpna 1908, Le Croisic) byl francouzský fyzik, nositel Nobelovy ceny za fyziku v roce 1903 za objev přirozené radioaktivity. He was born to Alexander Edmond Becquerel who was a scientist and Aurelie Quenard.He was born into a family of scientists. Later on in 1894, Becquerel became chief engineer in the Department of Bridges and Highways before he started with his early experiments. En el seu honor, s'ha anomenat Becquerel la unitat per a mesurar l'activitat radioactiva en el sistema internacional d'unitats. Nauku je studirao u École Polytechnique, a inženjerstvo u École des Ponts et Chaussées. [18][19], Later in his life in 1900, Becquerel measured the properties of Beta Particles, and he realized that they had the same measurements as high speed electrons leaving the nucleus. Antoine Henri Becquerel (Pariz, 15. decembar 1852.- Le Croisic, 25. august 1908.) Henri started off his education by attending the … He attended the Lycee Louis-Grand in Paris. [4] He studied engineering at the École Polytechnique and the École des Ponts et Chaussées. Henri Becquerel, in full Antoine-Henri Becquerel, (born December 15, 1852, Paris, France—died August 25, 1908, Le Croisic), French physicist who discovered radioactivity through his investigations of uranium and other substances. He showed an interest in science when he was … Henri Becquerel was born on December 15, 1852, in Paris, France. He studied science at the École Polytechnique and engineering at the École des Ponts et Chaussées. Becquerel learned that the X rays issued from the area of a glass vacuum tube made fluorescent when struck by a beam of cathode rays. Becquerel’s last major achievement concerned the physiological effect of the radiation. [25] There is a crater named Becquerel on the Moon and also a crater named Becquerel on Mars. [22] In 1903, Henri shared a Nobel Prize in Physics with Pierre Curie and Marie Curie for the discovery of spontaneous radioactivity. [2]Becquerel se rodio u Parizu u porodici, koja je zajedno sa njim i njegovim sinom dala četiri generacije naučnika. Biographical A ntoine Henri Becquerel was born in Paris on December 15, 1852, a member of a distinguished family of scholars and scientists. Together, these were to place the discovery of radioactivity within his reach. After his early schooling at the Lycée Louis-le-Grand, Henri received his formal scientific education at the École Polytechnique (1872–74) and engineering training at the École des Ponts et Chaussées (Bridges and Highways School; 1874–77). This happened when a piece of pitchblende ruined some photographic film and he investigated. Antoine Henri Becquerel ([ɑ̃ˈtwan ɑ̃ˈri bɛkəˈrɛl]; 15. joulukuuta 1852 – 25. elokuuta 1908) oli ranskalainen fyysikko, joka muistetaan parhaiten spontaanin eli luonnollisen radioaktiivisuuden löytämisestä vuonna 1896. Becquerel palkittiin löydöstään Nobelin fysiikanpalkinnolla … SI-enheden for måling af radioaktivitet (Becquerel) er opkaldt efter ham. One places on the sheet of paper, on the outside, a slab of the phosphorescent substance, and one exposes the whole to the sun for several hours. Becquerel was born in Paris, France into a wealthy family which produced four generations of physicists: Becquerel's grandfather (Antoine César Becquerel), father (Alexandre-Edmond Becquerel), and son (Jean Becquerel). [23] In 1906, Henri was elected Vice Chairman of the academy, and in 1908, the year of his death, Becquerel was elected Permanent Secretary of the Académie des Sciences. Biography and studies Family. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 with Marie Curie and Pierre Curie for his discovery of radioactivity in 1896. He exposed his experimental arrangement to sunlight for several hours, thereby exciting the crystals in the customary manner. Becquerel belonged to a family of scientists and scholars. The intensive research of radioactivity led to Becquerel publishing seven papers on the subject in 1896. By 1896 Henri was an accomplished and respected physicist—a member of the Académie des Sciences since 1889—but more important than his research thus far were his expertise with phosphorescent materials, his familiarity with uranium compounds, and his general skill in laboratory techniques, including photography. When one then develops the photographic plate, one recognizes that the silhouette of the phosphorescent substance appears in black on the negative. The SI unit for radioactivity, the becquerel (Bq), is named after him. But the following week Becquerel learned that his uranium salts continued to eject penetrating radiation even when they were not made to phosphoresce by the ultraviolet in sunlight. [5][7] In 1901 Becquerel made the discovery that radioactivity could be used for medicine. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Following his graduation from the École Polytechnique in 1874, Antoine Henri worked as a civil engineer, but he also retained a strong interest in scientific problems. bio je francuski fizičar, nobelovac [1] i jedan od otkrivača radioaktivnosti. Electricity, magnetism, optical phenomena, and energy were major areas of physical investigation during the 19th century. Professor of the History of Science, University of California, Santa Barbara. Henri started off his education by attending the Lycée Louis-le-Grand school, a prep school in Paris. These are ready-to-use Henri Becquerel worksheets that are perfect for teaching students about Henri Becquerel who was a French physicist who investigated uranium and other substances which led to his discovery of radioactivity. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Antoine Henri Becquerel (ejtsd: antoán anri bekerel) (Párizs, Franciaország, 1852. december 15. Antoine Henri Becquerel (born December 15, 1852 in Paris, France), known as Henri Becquerel, was a French physicist who discovered radioactivity, a process in which an atomic nucleus emits particles because it is unstable. Ông là cha của Jean Becquerel, con của Edmond Becquerel và là cháu của Antoine César Becquerel Antoine Henri Becquerel ( 15 tháng 12 năm 1852 – 25 tháng 8 năm 1908 ) là một nhà vật lý người Pháp , từng được giải Nobel và là một trong những người phát hiện ra hiện tượng phóng xạ . The SI unit for radioactivity, the becquerel (Bq), is named after him. Becquerel was born in Paris, France into a wealthy family which produced four generations of physicists: Becquerel's grandfather (Antoine César Becquerel), father (Alexandre-Edmond Becquerel), and son (Jean Becquerel). Henri Becquerel was a French scientist, physicist and one of the most important personalities in the history of radioactive research. Portrait of Antoine-Henri Becquerel.jpg 2,322 × 2,789; 1.68 MB Radiogramme de contact de la pechlende avec ses hydroxydes d'uranium..jpg 1,296 × 1,728; 340 KB Salon du livre ancien et de l'estampe 2013 086.jpg 5,184 × 3,456; 6.66 MB [8] In 1905, he was awarded the Barnard Medal by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. In 1874, Henri married Lucie Zoé Marie Jamin, who would die while giving birth to their son, Jean. [9] Learning of Röntgen's discovery from earlier that year during a meeting of the French Academy of Sciences caused Becquerel to be interested, and soon "began looking for a connection between the phosphorescence he had already been investigating and the newly discovered x-rays"[9] of Röntgen, and thought that phosphorescent materials, such as some uranium salts, might emit penetrating X-ray-like radiation when illuminated by bright sunlight. Becquerel's earliest works centered on the subject of his doctoral thesis: the plane polarization of light, with the phenomenon of phosphorescence and absorption of light by crystals. The far more popular X rays could take sharper shadow photographs and faster. His own Academy of Sciences elected him its president and one of its permanent secretaries. This discovery led to the development of radiotherapy which is now used to treat cancer. 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