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Heinrich Himmler was the commander of Adolf Hitler's Schutzstaffel, and later of the Gestapo in Nazi Germany. Benedict served his final day as pope on February 28, 2013. During the early years of his papacy, Benedict visited several countries, including Turkey, where he met the ecumenical patriarch of Constantinople in the hope of improving relations between the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches. Ratzinger entered preparatory seminary in 1939. In March 1977 Ratzinger was appointed archbishop of Munich and Freising by Paul VI, who bestowed the cardinal’s hat on him three months later. Battles among the political parties set people against one another.". A fan club for Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI, formerly Joseph Ratzinger, Prefect of the Vatican's Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. In 2008, Benedict made his first visit as pope to the United States, where he spoke out against clerical sexual abuse and delivered an address at the United Nations. 13; More and more lonely elderly people exist in big cities, even in situations of serious illness and close to death. Share page. Ratzinger’s university years, however, brought about a transformation of his views. Pope Benedict XVI (Latin: Benedictus PP. Photo Gallery . He isn't the first pope to do so, but he's the first in about 400 years. But attention shifted quickly to the succession, and the … In November of that same year, in an act of outreach to conservative Anglicans, Benedict approved an apostolic constitution, or special decree, that allowed Anglican clergymen and laypersons to join the Roman Catholic Church while maintaining some Anglican traditions. Quotations by Pope Benedict XVI, German Clergyman, Born April 16, 1927. Corrections? and a light to my path” (Ps 119 [118]:105) My dear young friends! Benedict XVI, original name Joseph Alois Ratzinger, (born April 16, 1927, Marktl am Inn, Germany), bishop of Rome and head of the Roman Catholic Church (2005–13). He also overturned John Paul’s reform of the papal election process and restored the traditional practice when he declared that the election of a new pope requires a two-thirds majority of the cardinals attending the conclave. In the Catholic church's saint-making process, one miracle is necessary for beatification, and a second miracle, occurring after the beatification ceremony, must be certified by Vatican experts for sainthood to … Longer than the United States has been in … In February 2013, Benedict XVI resigned from his position as pope. Max Weber was a 19th-century German sociologist and one of the founders of modern sociology. Italiano: Papa Benedetto XVI ( Benedictus PP. In February 2013, at the age of 85, Pope Benedict XVI announced that he would be resigning on February 28, 2013 — becoming the first pope in centuries to step down from his post. That same year, to foster relations and understanding between religions, Benedict addressed the first Catholic-Muslim Forum, a three-day conference of Catholic theologians and Islamic scholars. After World War II, he committed suicide to escape capture. His final public address in St. Peter’s Square drew a crowd of more than 50,000. With the Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, the future Benedict XVI, at his side, as the Vatican’s chief theologian, he set about unmaking much of the modernization project of the previous twenty years. Benedict made a controversial decision in January 2009 to revoke the excommunications of four bishops who in 1988 had been consecrated, without papal sanction, by Marcel Lefebvre (1905–91), an ultraconservative French archbishop who was excommunicated with them. We are providing extra context fo… He deserted in April of that year and was captured by American forces and held prisoner for a brief period. The Vatican also denounced the charge that, as prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Benedict had been responsible for the Vatican's policy of covering up cases of sexual abuse, declaring that his handling of the cases showed “wisdom and firmness.”. Benedict walked through the doorway right after Francis, gingerly negotiating the two steps with the help of a cane and his longtime assistant. “I can only say that with the slow waning of my physical forces, I’m on a pilgrimage towards home," he wrote, adding: "It is a great gift for me to be surrounded, on this last stretch of this sometimes tiring road, by a degree of love and goodwill that I could never have imagined.”. Americas. The former pope Benedict XVI, the first pontiff in 600 years to resign instead of ruling for life, is seriously ill, a German newspaper has reported. Pope Benedict XVI, formerly Joseph Ratzinger, was born on April 16, 1927 in Marktl am Inn, Germany. He has said his unit was attacked by Allied forces that year, but he did not take part in that battle because a finger infection had kept him from learning to shoot. Benedict has written a total of 66 books. The crowd responded with cheers and applause. Published 11 February 2013. He was ordained a priest on June 29, 1951. He has opened the door to a new life, one that no longer knows illness and death. Benedict's election occurred in a papal conclave following the death of Pope John Paul II. Heretics and schismatics, such as Protestants and the Eastern Orthodox, are outside the Catholic Church and must be converted to the Catholic Faith for unity and salvation. At the Second Vatican Council (1962-65), Ratzinger served as a chief theological expert to Cardinal Joseph Frings of Cologne, Germany. Joseph Ratzinger was elected "Pope" Benedict XVI. The pope and his prefect shared a similar history, both having lived under totalitarian regimes, and their views concerning the church were substantially the same. He earned his teaching licentiate in 1957 and became a professor of Freising College in 1958, teaching dogma and fundamental theology. Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI’s resignation from the papacy, which became effective eight years ago, [28 February 2013] was a “difficult choice,” but made “in full conscience” – one which he has not regretted at … On a personal level, I wish him well. MESSAGE OF THE HOLY FATHER BENEDICT XVI. This Christian witness epitomizes what Pope Benedict XVI has in mind in calling the Church’s saints, and her beauty, the greatest apology of Christian faith. (Pope Benedict XVI, General Audience, 24 October 2007) Text 4. Ratzinger defended and reaffirmed Catholic doctrine, including teaching on topics such as birth control, homosexuality and inter-religious dialogue. Papacy. “This book is… my personal search ‘for the face of the Lord.’” —Benedict XVI In this bold, momentous work, the pope—in his first book written as Benedict XVI—seeks to salvage the person of Jesus from recent “popular” depictions and to restore Jesus’ true identity as discovered in the Gospels. Pope Benedict XVI: Tillatelse (Gjenbruk av denne filen) Public domain Public domain false false: Denne fila kan ikkje opphavsrettsbeskyttast og er offentleg eigedom (public domain), fordi den ikkje har verkshøgde. Pope Benedict XVI, elected head of the Catholic Church in 2005, resigned in 2013. Pope Benedict XVI, who has been cited in a complaint to the international criminal court. He is the first pope from the Americas. Despite his reputation, even his harshest critics recognized his intelligence and his ability to discuss controversial matters in an objective and disinterested spirit. The Vatican also denounced as “false and calumnious” the charge that as prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith Benedict had been responsible for a policy of covering up cases of sexual abuse, declaring that his handling of the cases showed “wisdom and firmness.”. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). During his papacy, Pope Benedict promoted the use of Latin and supported Christian values. Alienated by the student protests at Tübingen, he returned to Bavaria, to the University of Regensburg. Benedict, 85, announced on Monday, February 11, that he will resign at … Pope Benedict XVI born Joseph Aloisius Ratzinger on 16 April 1927 was the 265th Pope of the Roman Catholic Church. Known for his rigid views on Catholicism, he sought a more inclusive image as pope. Ratzinger’s election as pope on the second day of the conclave was something of a surprise because of his status as a leading candidate; front-runners are almost never chosen, a fact reflected in the popular expression, “He who enters as a pope leaves as a cardinal.” His position with the cardinal electors was apparently secured by his long service to John Paul and his devotion to his predecessor’s teachings and ideals. HOMILY OF HIS HOLINESS BENEDICT XVI. Americas. Enjoy the best Pope Benedict XVI Quotes at BrainyQuote. Jesus is risen and dies no more. A short film looking at the life of Pope Benedict XVI, and his Pontificate, as well as his early years as Joseph Ratzinger.© 2013 He was ordained a priest on June 29, 1951. Former Pope Benedict XVI has claimed that marriage equality would have been an "absurd" idea a century ago, but to deny it leads to a social excommunication today. In 2008 Benedict made his first visit as pope to the United States, where he spoke out against clerical sexual abuse and delivered an address at the United Nations. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Born in 1927 in Germany as Joseph Ratzinger, Pope Benedict XVI has been head of the Roman Catholic Church since April 2005. He will continue to be known as Benedict XVI in his retirement and has been given the title of pope emeritus. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); Subscribe to the Biography newsletter to receive stories about the people who shaped our world and the stories that shaped their lives. Pope Benedict XVI: The freedom to kill is not true freedom, but a tyranny that reduces the human being to slavery. Because he didn't remain merely Joseph Ratzinger or even a Catholic Cardinal — he became Pope Benedict XVI. We serve as an archive of news and commentary on his pontificate since his election on April 19, 2005. Although he said he had prayed not to be chosen, Ratzinger humbly accepted his election on April 19, 2005, becoming at age 78 the oldest newly elected pope since Clement XII (1730–40). Dated December 25, Solemnity of the Nativity of the Lord, it considers the question of Christian love. English: Pope Benedict XVI, officially in Latin Benedictus PP. In a public letter written in February 2018, Benedict stated that he was nearing the end of his life. As a handy too for sharing, FromRome.Info has embedded into this one post the entire 7 part Documentary First Published, Easter 2020 A. D. On Pope Benedict XVI's Renunciation. On February 10, 2013, Pope Benedict XVI issued the stunning declaration that he intended to resign from his post as head of the Catholic Church at the end of the month. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Benedict-XVI, United States Conference of Catholic Bishops - Biography of Pope Benedict XVI, Benedict XVI - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Learn about the early life of Pope Benedict XVI and his involvement in the Hitler Youth, Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. He was elected pope on 19 April 2005, was inaugurated on 24 April 2005 and retired on 28 February 2013. Karen McVeigh … Hans Kueng, the Roman Catholic theologian who was an early colleague and friend of the future Pope Benedict XVI but later fell foul of the Vatican for challenging church doctrine and became a vocal critic of the pontiff, has died. For more than two decades, Ratzinger was the pope’s closest adviser. He issued new guidelines allowing greater use of the Latin mass—the order of the mass used before the reforms of the Second Vatican Council—and he published the encyclicals Deus caritas est (2005; “God Is Love”) and Spe salvi (2007; “Saved by Hope”). Benedict XVI served as pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 2005 to 2013. On February 28 he formally resigned, taking the title pope emeritus. "Thank you for your love and support. After earning his teaching license in 1957, he taught dogma and theology at the higher school of philosophy and theology in Freising until 1959, later moving to the University of Bonn (1959–69) and also teaching at universities in Münster (1963–66) and—at the invitation of the theologian Hans Küng—Tübingen (1966–69). Benedictus XVI Joseph Ratzinger 19.IV.2005 - 28.II.2013. In 2010 allegations of sexual and physical abuse by parish priests and in parochial schools—particularly in Germany, Ireland, and the United States—brought Benedict, and his role in the cases in Germany in particular, under close media scrutiny. Omissions? (CNS photo/Daniel Karmann, DPA, Reuters) Joseph Ratzinger, “The Feeling of Things, the Contemplation of Beauty” (August 24, 2002). Pope Benedict XVI. Pope Benedict XVI. "In seeking to emancipate himself from his body [man] ends up by destroying himself," the pope told cardinals, archbishops, bishops and members of the Roman Curia last week in a traditional meeting overlooked … (Pope Benedict XVI, General Audience, 24 October 2007) Text 4. Pope Benedict XVI: Children truly are the family's greatest treasure and most precious good. In a new interview, Pope emeritus Benedict XVI has expressed delight at the Year of St. Joseph declared by Pope Francis. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Share with your friends. In 1941 he was compelled to join the Hitler Youth, and in 1943 he was drafted into the German military, serving in an antiaircraft unit in Bavaria before being sent to Hungary to set tank traps in 1945. … Americas. He is the first Pope to have resigned since Gregory XII in the year 1415. February 13, 2015 For someone once bestowed with the luxury of infallibility, former Pope Benedict XVI is having a unique retirement. Ratzinger was elevated to the papacy on April 19, 2005, upon the death of Pope John Paul II, and celebrated his Papal Inauguration Mass five days later. Emeritus Pope Benedict XVI arrives for his departure at Munich Airport in Freising, Germany, Monday June 22, 2020. Pope decides against allowing married men to become priests. A prolific author, theologian and university professor, Ratzinger served as an "expert" at the Second Vatican Council, and was tapped in 1977 by Pope Paul VI to lead the German Archdiocese of Munich and Freising. Overview of the early life of Benedict XVI, with a detailed discussion of his involvement in the Hitler Youth. Ratzinger became a professor at the University of Bonn in 1959. Americas. He turned to theological studies after the war, helping found the influential journal Communio. Updates? He wrote 'The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism' in 1905. Traveling by helicopter, he departed the Vatican for the summer papal residence in Castel Gandolfo, Italy. After the war, Ratzinger continued his education in the seminary; he was ordained a priest in June 1951. HOMILY OF HIS HOLINESS BENEDICT XVI. Among them are Introduction to Christianity (1968); Called to Communion: Understanding the Church Today (1996); The Spirit of the Liturgy (2000); Jesus of Nazareth (2007); Jesus of Nazareth, Vol. FILE - In this Oct. 6, 2004 file photo, Hans Kueng, attends the Book Fair in Frankfurt, Germany. 2005; 2006; 2007; 2008; 2009; 2010; 2011; 2012; 2013; Apostolic Constitutions The Facts About “Pope Benedict XVI” – Joseph Alois Ratzinger What You Need To Know About the Man who Claimed to be the Pope from 2005-2013 "Benedict XVI" On April 19, 2005, the German "cardinal" Fr. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. During his papacy, Pope Benedict promoted the use of Latin and supported Christian values. "War reparations (from World War I) weighed heavily on the German economy. The youngest of three children, Ratzinger was six years old when the Nazis took power in Germany in 1933; his parents, who were staunch Catholics, were hostile to the regime. His father, a police officer, came from a traditional family of farmers from Lower Bavaria. Pope Benedict XVI (Latin: Benedictus PP. He has taken mankind up into God himself. He condemned liberation theology and suppressed more-liberal theologians such as the Brazilian Leonardo Boff and the American Charles Curran. Ratzinger was sent home and then called up again before deserting in late April 1945. His choice of the name Benedict XVI recalled St. Benedict of Nursia, the patron saint of Europe and the founder of Western monasticism, as well as earlier popes of the same name, including Benedict XV (1914–22), who sought to mediate between the belligerents during World War I. Benedict XVI immediately took steps to continue John Paul’s dialogue with Judaism and Islam and with other Christian churches. "Unemployment was rife," he wrote in his memoir, Milestones. In attacking human life in its very first stages, it is also an aggression against society itself. He is the first Pope to have resigned since Gregory XII in the year 1415. His work in theology attracted the attention of the archbishop of Cologne, Joseph Frings, who asked Ratzinger to serve as his expert assistant at the Second Vatican Council (1962–65). Angelus. In March 1977, he was named archbishop of Munich and Freising and, three months later, was named a cardinal by Pope Paul VI.
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