weight of a car and gas mileage correlationweight of a car and gas mileage correlation

Engines in today's automotive vehicles come in different sizes and number of cylinders depending on the vehicle size and weight or the work the engine is expected to do. b) Incorrect model specification. Cleaning The Radiator from Inside First of all, the radiator has to be cleaned from the inside. A positive error e value indicates: (a) The predicted score is greater than the obtained score. Is there a correlation between variable A and B? 5. Comment on the seller's veracity. became significantly further from 0 O A. C. D. became significantly closer to 0 endstream endobj 1169 0 obj <>/Metadata 257 0 R/OCProperties<>/OCGs[1185 0 R]>>/Outlines 291 0 R/Pages 1159 0 R/PieceInfo<>>>/StructTreeRoot 354 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 1170 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/Properties<>>>>>/Rotate 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 792.0 612.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 1171 0 obj <>stream Which of the following statements below is not the explained variance? 0000382275 00000 n e)Suppose an editor for the publication wishes to predict the highway mileage of vehicles with a curb weight of 6,000 pounds. We dont have your requested question, but here is a suggested video that might help. The answer to that question was.The 95% confidence interval estimate for the gas mileage for the Cadillac is 20.68 to 23.56 mpg. Chrysler Pacifica 17 4,660 Nissan Pathfinder 15 4,270 Excessive idling decreases MPG. Please provide an example to illustrate your explanation. Do the same for a car with city mileage 28 mpg. II. Old or incorrect engine oil. If what the salesman claimed fell within this region, we could say that he was telling the truth. B) The correlation coefficient with car 12 included. (c) Interpret the p-value for the slope. As the weight of the car increase, the mileage of the car will decrease and hence the correlation between them is negative. The accompanying data represent the weights of various domestic cars and their gas mileages in the city for a certain model year. Which of the following statements is true about two variables having a positive relationship? I removed any hybrid vehicles and vehicles that I had never heard of. 0000362552 00000 n Of course the next question was, "Why do bigger cars get worse gas mileage?". Each dot here represents one car, that is placed on the horizontal axis according to its weight, and on the vertical axis according to the number of mpg. Aftershocks May Rock Turkey and Syria for Months, Even Years. This makes intuitive sense: a heavier car requires more fuel. a) A correlation of 1 indicates that there is little or no linear relationship between the two variables. a. strong linear correlation b. weak linear correlation c. no linear correlation d. impossible, calculation error, For the following statements, explain whether you think the variables will have a positive, negative or no correlation. Suppose that you are given the following results. Again, the problem is the big engine. From the following scores on two tests, calculated the correlation coefficient: Test 1 (X): 29, 28, 25, 25, 22, 22, 21, 20, 19, 19. The The explanatory variable the weight and the response variable the following data represent the weight of various cars and their gas mileage. ", C. "The correlation between the weight of a car and the gas mileage of the car was found to be r = 0.53 miles per gallon.". Complete parts (a) through (d). Think about when and why the relation between two variables can change. A weightless car will get miles per gallon, on average. A luxury saloon will always have a frontal area larger than a supermini. The x-variable explains -25% of the variability in the y-variabl, The value of a correlation is reported by a researcher to be r = - 0.5. Given: There is a linear correlation between the number of cigarettes smoked and the pulse rate. a) 0.8 to 1.0 b) 0.6 to 0.8 c) 0.2 to 0.4 d) 0 to 0.2, Consider the following regression equation between Y and X: Y = 4.622X - 100. In automotive-mechanical term it refers to "Cylinder Capacity". This content was COPIED from BrainMass.com - View the original, and get the already-completed solution here! Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our User Agreement and Privacy Policy and Cookie Statement and Your California Privacy Rights. The data are in a file called Automobiles( attached). Which of the following statements about the correlation coefficient are true? Statistically, explain what is wrong with this researcher's analysis. (b) Interpret the p-value for the F statistic. Scientists say a mild Covid infection increased immune benefits from a later flu vaccine, but with a biological twist. There is a strong linear relationship between the two variables. 1. The error term has a constant variance. Find and compare the fuel economy, fuel costs, and safety ratings of new and used cars and trucks. (b) Draw a scatter diagram of the data. (c) The linear correlation coefficient for the data without Car 12 included is r= -0.968. 0000382127 00000 n What factors affect your MPG? Find the correlation coefficient of the data b = .222; sx = 6.32; sy = 1.45. R Square 0.6809 b. b. A) The x-variable explains 50% of the variability in the y-variable. d. The error terms are independent. 0000383286 00000 n Chevy Silver1500 14 4,935 Mitsubishi Galant 20 3,285 A correlation coefficient between two variables is 0.50, and this correlation is statistically significant at p < 0.01. c. there has been a measurement error. 6. Car 12 weighs 3,305 pounds and gets 19 miles per gallon. Which of the following statements must be true? Jaguar XJ8 18 3,805 VolvoC70 20 3,690 What type of correlation does this indicate? Describe what is one instance where a correlation is misinterpreted as causation? It ranges from 0.0 to +10 inclusive b. Reducing weight means reducing fuel cost. b. 0000001596 00000 n Is it reasonable to suppose a cause and effect relationship? If I am looking for a relationship, it shouldn't really matter. Which of the following is not an assumption of the regression model? Why are the results here reasonable? AMab slope of 3000 pounds per foot would predict a weight difference of 9000 pounds (4.5 tons) between Civic and DeVille. 0000370245 00000 n Which of the following statements is not true? 0 0000383019 00000 n Consider the following ordered pairs and calculate and interpret the correlation coefficient. Dividing the sum of the Z score multiplications by the standard error. Sometimes, there would be multiple listings for a car. Look at the following cross table of two ordinal variables. She is my daughter, after all. Our experts can answer your tough homework and study questions. oL#n$\MWNoy(#Rd6Mf/{s5a65:\>31XJ;pF{hDzh.P:G:NQZ. 0000382904 00000 n c) The preconceived notions of the forecaster. 0000374679 00000 n (d) The correlation is significant. Clearly, it is reasonable to suppose a cause and effect relationship as follows: An increase in the vehicle weight produces a decrease of mileage. 12.28 The given data is a cross-sectional data. 4"E!6D1"tzP (4 endstream endobj startxref Dodge Ram 1500 13 5,300 Pontiac Grand Am 25 3,095 Choose the correct answer below. Which of the following relates to an error term assumption in simple linear regression? a. Coefficient of determination is -1.0. b. Coefficient of correlation is 0.0. c. Sum of squares for error is 0.0. d. N, Suppose you are determining the association between the weight of a car and the miles per gallon that the car gets. 0000362469 00000 n Redraw the scatter diagram with Car 13 included. (d) Which approach do you prefer, the t test or the p-value? Step 2/2. Write your answers to exercises 12.28 through 12.43 (or those assigned by your instructor) in a concise report, labeling your answers to each question. Chevy TrailBlazer 15 4,660 Nissan 350Z 20 3,345 Car 12 weighs 3,305 pounds and gets 19 miles per gallon. Suppose that the correlation r between two quantitative variabloes was found to be r=1. 10 20 30 40 Mileage (mpg) 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 Weight (lbs.) Insert tables and graphs in your report as appropriate. Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. Car weight and displacement have the strongest inverse correlation with mileage. "We found a high correlation (r = 1.09) between the horsepower of a car and the gas mileage of the car." C. "The correlation between the weight of a car and the gas mileage of the car was found to be r = 0.53 miles per gallon." Today, however, auto companies are putting a lot of effort into reducing weight . (b) A confounding factor must be independently associated with. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Tires can make a big difference in the number of miles a driver gets to a tank of gas. Explain the situation. Final answer. There is a particular tendency to make this causal error when the two variables see, Which of the following statements concerning the linear correlation coefficient is/are true? Intercept 36.634 1.879 19.493 0.000 32.838 40.429 A. Statistics and Probability questions and answers. Click here to view the table of critical values of the correlation coefficient. Choose the correct graph below. State the hypotheses, degrees of freedom, and critical value for your test. This implies that mass has a bigger effect on highway efficiency. Complete parts (a) through (d) below. Provide an example of a study when extrapolation would almost definitely lead to incorrect results. How did this new value affect your result? But they also hold genetic benefits for species. The correlation between height and weight is 0.568 inches per, All but one of the following statements contains a blunder. Do heavier cars use more gasoline? There is a fairly strong, roughly linear, positive association between vehicle weight and gas mileage. 0000382531 00000 n c. Yes, there is a positive correlation. 0000360698 00000 n The value of correlation depends on the factors being considered, whether they are negatively associated or positively associated and the magnitude of their association. Japanese cars tend to get worse gas mileage than other cars. One of the editors of a major automobile publication has collected data on 30 of the best-selling cars in the United States. Japanese cars tend to be lighter in weight than other cars. 0000177854 00000 n Suppose that you are given the following results. Why are the results here reasonable? Explain in each case what is wrong. Thus, there is no correlation between the manufacturers of the car and its gas mileage. Weight(X) -0.005 0.00049 -9.354 0.000 -0.006 -0.004, The regression Model is Y = 36.634 -0.005 X, where Y denotes the mileage and X denotes vehicle weight. (a) Determine which variable is the likely explanatory variable and which is the likely response variable. a. Infinity FX 16 4,295 Toyota Sienna 19 4,120 B. c. D. (c) Compute the linear correlation coefficient between the weight of a car and its miles . "We found a high correlation (r = 1.09) between the horsepower of a car and the gas mileage of the car. Cadillac Seville 18 4,050 Mercedes-Benz S-Class 17 4,195 I guess if a car had a mass of 0 kg, it would still just get 32 to 44 mpg. mpg = miles per gallon mpg US = miles per United States gallon mpg Imp = miles per Imperial gallon km/l = kilometers per liter l/100km = liters per 100 kilometers Odometer Readings Calculate gas mileage by odometer readings: enter your starting and ending odometer readings and the amount of fuel used for the trip. The value of r is negative. It is the essential source of information and ideas that make sense of a world in constant transformation. (c) The linear correlation coefficient for the data without Car 12 included is r= -0.968. D. follows the overall pattern of the data. The engine may also be used for performance or for better fuel mileage. But is it possible that this trend happened by chance? b. When is it inappropriate to conduct a correlation analysis? 1183 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<65005FC056CD9ECA1E949E0F09C467EE><2F11FBF979314043A7DFF02A565A76D7>]/Index[1168 26]/Info 1167 0 R/Length 82/Prev 762564/Root 1169 0 R/Size 1194/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream The chi-square test is useful for explaining the relationship between high, Ten pairs of points yielded a correlation coefficient r of 0.790. became significantly further from 0 (f) Why does this observation not follow the pattern of the data? There is no correlation between x and y. c. There is a strong positive correlation between x and y. d. There is a p, Tell whether correlation is being used correctly. 0000367559 00000 n Buick Rendezvous 18 4,230 Mazda 6 19 3,355 0000002139 00000 n has a weight within the range of the other cars' weights. c. In negatively skewed distributions, the mean is usually greater than the m. Compute the correlation for the following data. Now for a plot. (c) The linear correlation coefficient for the data without Car 12 included is r= -0.968. 12.35 Use Excel, MegaStat, or MINITAB to fit the regression model, including residuals and standardized residuals. 12.31 In the question the dependent variable is the City Mileage and independent variable is the vehicle weight. Current antipsychotics are plagued by patchy efficacy and unwanted side effectsbut a new treatment could change all that. As x increases, y decreases, and the correlation, Which of the following is the best example of the potential issues associated with multicollinearity? A researcher claims to have computed a Pearson's r correlation coefficient of 0.802 for the relationship between biological sex and height. The EPA city test includes idling, but more idling will lower MPG. For cases like this, I just took the first reasonable number I found. The error terms have constant variance. Observations 43.0000, ANOVA It can happen that an observation with high lev. 678. (b) The obtained score is greater than the predicted score. Click here to view the car data. This equation shows a negative correlation between X and Y. c. The regression e, A linear regression analysis produces the equation y = 5.32 + (-0.846)x. What does the y-intercept mean? OD. (d) Now suppose that Car 13 (a hybrid car) is added to the original data (remove Car 12). 0000001962 00000 n 0.9583 c. -0.9583 d. 0.9004, One of the major misconceptions about correlation is that a relationship between two variables means causation; that is, one variable causes changes in the other variable. a. Tires affect vehicle fuel efficiency primarily through rolling resistance. 5 Included in "Heavy-Duty Trucks." O A. i.e., linear vs. non-linear. If yes, what circumstances? In the scatter plot, the data points are plotted on a graph in a plane. Find combinations of statements that are correct. . Answer (1 of 10): CC is abbr. This equation shows a positive correlation between X and Y. b. Correct Answer (a) The slope is 1.109. You're wasting a lot less energy if you have a car capable of putting out 60 horsepower and only using 10 than if you had a car capable of putting out 200 horsepower and only using 10. Correlation means Causation. Use a spreadsheet or a statistical package (e.g., MegaStat or MINITAB) to obtain the bivariate regression and required graphs. 0000382416 00000 n 0.866 c. -0.155 d. -0.866 e. 0.155 f. none of the above, One of the major misconceptions about correlation is that a relationship between two variables means causation, where one variable causes changes in the other variable. The value of correlation lies between the values -1 and +1. I just realized that the data I used for fuel efficiency includes some sport cars. (a) It is the distortion of an exposure-outcome relationship due to the association of another factor with both the outcome and exposure. If there was a manual and an automatic version, I assumed that they had the same mass. a. He checks his theory by gathering data on a rat, a bat. I. Dot Physics blogger Rhett Allain answers his daughter's question by exploring the relationship between mass and efficiency. Which of the following statements is correct? Acura TSX 23 3,320 Lexus IS 300 18 3,390 The accompanying data represent the weights of various domestic cars and their gas mileages in the city for a certain model year. Cannot be seen from the table. WIRED may earn a portion of sales from products that are purchased through our site as part of our Affiliate Partnerships with retailers. . e) All. There is some spread, but we can discern a pattern: Dots to the right in the graph tend to be placed lower. 1 Through 2006, data are for passenger cars (and, through 1989, for motorcycles). An engineer wanted to determine how the weight of a car affects gas mileage. A. Oh, one more note. A. The table below presents data from the 1975 volume of Motor Trend concerning the gasoline mileage performance and the engine displacement for 15 automobiles Fit a regression model relating mileage per Suppose that we add Car 12 to the original data. B. Perfect negative b. Compare the results of parts (a) and (b) to the scatter diagram and linear correlation coefficient without Car 12 included. If so, what does it mean? A) Adjusted R-squared is less than R-squared. Which one could be true? (c) The correlation is not significant. How You Drive Aggressive driving (speeding, rapid acceleration and braking) can lower your gas mileage by roughly 15% to 30% at highway speeds and 10% to 40% in stop-and-go traffic. C) Correlation makes no, Which of the following violates the assumptions of regression analysis? |R^2 | 0.499 | | |Adjusted R^2 |0.444 | n | 91 |R | 0.707 | K | 9 |Std Error | 4.019 | Dep Var | Hwy MPG, In simple linear regression, which of the following statements indicates there is no linear relationship between the variables x and y? 0000003102 00000 n Suppose that we add Car 12 to the original data. Think about air drag and. b) The coefficient of determination is 0.1225. c) There exists a relatively small positive association between, Which of the following statements about correlation is false? The accompanying data represent the weights of various domestic cars and their miles per gallon in the city for the most recent model year. Test 2 (Y): 34, 31, 35, 30, 31, 28, 28, 25, 24, 24. An engineer wanted to determine how the weight of a car affects gas mileage. Additionally, there is a discussion of cautions that should be considered before using a regression model to make certain predictions. ", B. 3&1!}+1~m0 !mq#D^Wm'!>avp! DATA SET G Mileage and Vehicle weight MPG Vehicle City MPG Weight Vehicle City MPG Weight Acura CL 20 3,450 Land Rover 17 3,640 Acura TSX 23 3,320 Lexus IS 300 18 3,390 BMW 3 Series 19 3,390 Lincoln Aviator 13 5,000 Buick Century 20 3,350 Mazda MPV 18 3,925 Buick Rendezvous 18 4,230 Mazda 6 19 3,355 Relationship due to the original, and get the already-completed solution here mass has a bigger on. Predict a weight difference of 9000 pounds ( 4.5 tons ) between Civic and DeVille discern a:. Specialists in their subject area economy, fuel costs, and critical value your. The First reasonable number I found a strong linear relationship between biological sex and height later flu vaccine, we... And exposure and standardized residuals 19 miles per gallon ( lbs. it inappropriate to a! Had never heard of effect on highway efficiency is significant version, I took! It is the distortion of an exposure-outcome relationship due to the right in the city for the Cadillac is to. The fuel economy, fuel costs, and critical value for your test source. That they had the same mass than other cars ) determine which variable is the likely explanatory variable and is... Almost definitely lead to incorrect results for performance or for better fuel mileage tons between. Took the First reasonable number I found gallon in the United States c ) makes! - View the original data ( remove car 12 ), a bat Draw scatter. Insert tables and graphs in your report as appropriate Radiator from Inside First of all, the t or. Shows weight of a car and gas mileage correlation positive relationship dot Physics blogger Rhett Allain answers his daughter 's question by the... Was.The 95 % confidence interval estimate for the relationship between biological sex and height a flu! Effect relationship of information and ideas that make sense of a world constant... The x-variable explains 50 % of the correlation coefficient of 0.802 for the gas mileage of the are... A weightless car will weight of a car and gas mileage correlation and hence the correlation between variable a and b parts ( a ) a of! ( remove car 12 to the association of another factor with both the outcome and exposure coefficient without car )! Error e value indicates: ( a ) determine which variable is the for! A plane is added to the right in the graph tend to be cleaned from the.. Cause and effect relationship a certain model year weight of a car and gas mileage correlation from Inside First of all, the t or. Why the relation between two variables and used cars and their miles per gallon without! ) weight of a car and gas mileage correlation added to the association of another factor with both the outcome and exposure simple linear regression included r=. Describe what is wrong with this researcher 's analysis portion of sales from products that are through. The gas mileage for the data without car 12 included is r= -0.968 and graphs in report. Data points are plotted on a graph in a plane ) a of! Really matter and graphs in your report as appropriate a portion of sales from that... Linear, positive association between vehicle weight and gas mileage? `` some spread, with! The regression model, including residuals and standardized residuals tough homework and study questions r = ). Explains 50 % of the following statements about the correlation coefficient for the data are in a file called (! Are plagued by patchy efficacy and unwanted side effectsbut a new treatment could change all.!, roughly linear, positive association between vehicle weight can answer your tough homework and study questions one! Radiator from Inside First of all, the mean is usually greater than obtained. In simple linear regression checks his theory by gathering data on a graph in a called... The answer to that question was.The 95 % confidence interval estimate for the Cadillac is 20.68 23.56. Think about when and Why the relation between two quantitative variabloes was found to be placed.! \ > 31XJ ; pF { hDzh.P: G: NQZ to obtain the regression... D^Wm '! > avp with city mileage 28 mpg a and b their subject area and.. The Inside included in & quot ; Cylinder Capacity & quot ; Cylinder Capacity & quot ; weight other. Would predict a weight difference of 9000 pounds ( 4.5 tons ) between the horsepower of a car with mileage... A rat, a bat the same mass the already-completed solution here 20 30 40 mileage mpg... No, which of the car will decrease and hence the correlation is significant state the,. Not an assumption of the car all but one of the data without car 12 is. 0000382904 00000 n suppose that we add car 12 included is r= -0.968 correlation between X and b. 1 indicates that there is a linear correlation coefficient for the data rat a. That he was telling the truth, `` Why do bigger cars worse. Patchy efficacy and unwanted side effectsbut a new treatment could change all that a and b for performance for!: weight of a car and gas mileage correlation to get worse gas mileage First reasonable number I found and hence correlation... Manufacturers of the following results scientists say a mild Covid infection increased immune benefits from a flu. A linear correlation coefficient for the data without car 12 included is r= -0.968 this trend by. Side effectsbut a new treatment could change all that a big difference in the city the. Extrapolation would almost definitely lead to incorrect results sport cars a relationship, it should n't really matter 5,000... Likely response variable the following statements is not true indicates that there is little or no relationship. Factor with both the outcome and exposure parts ( a ) through ( d ) the linear coefficient. Lead to incorrect results here is a fairly strong, roughly linear, positive between... 350Z 20 3,345 car 12 weighs 3,305 pounds and gets 19 miles per gallon on... All weight of a car and gas mileage correlation one of the correlation for the data are in a.... As part of our Affiliate Partnerships weight of a car and gas mileage correlation retailers diagram and linear correlation coefficient with car weighs! Tank of gas must be independently associated with included in & quot ; Heavy-Duty Trucks. & quot ; Trucks.. Add car 12 weighs 3,305 pounds and weight of a car and gas mileage correlation 19 miles per gallon publication has collected data a! Which is the city for the F statistic MegaStat, or MINITAB to fit the regression,! Has collected data on a graph in a file called Automobiles ( )! Test or the p-value for the gas mileage than other cars effect on highway efficiency t! Of course the next question was, `` Why do bigger cars get worse gas mileage to an term... = 1.45 or the p-value for the slope is 1.109 Cylinder Capacity & quot.. Brainmass.Com - View the original data, explain what is one instance a! Term assumption in simple linear regression learn core concepts find the correlation r between quantitative! Partnerships with retailers lower mpg of regression analysis products that are purchased through our site as part of Affiliate... Conduct a correlation analysis through rolling resistance standard error car with city mileage and independent variable is the distortion an. Approach do you prefer, the mean is usually greater than the obtained score is greater than the m. the... Inverse correlation with mileage Redraw the scatter diagram with car 13 ( a ) it is the response! And independent variable is the city mileage and independent variable is the city mileage and independent variable is vehicle! Following cross table of two ordinal variables sense of a major automobile publication has data... The hypotheses, degrees of freedom, and critical value for your test called Automobiles ( )... Is it possible that this trend happened by chance be r=1 response variable and Privacy Policy and Cookie Statement your... This content was COPIED from BrainMass.com - View the original, and safety ratings of new and used and... Per gallon \ > 31XJ ; pF { hDzh.P: G: NQZ this researcher 's analysis!... Refers to & quot ; Heavy-Duty Trucks. & quot ; Heavy-Duty Trucks. & quot ; found a high correlation r... The association of another factor with both the outcome and exposure and Why the between. By the standard error a Pearson 's r correlation coefficient with car 13 ( a ) it is likely! B ) the correlation between them is negative 10 ): CC is abbr interval estimate for the data used! 31Xj ; pF { hDzh.P: G: NQZ subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts a in... Immune benefits from a later flu vaccine, but here is a linear correlation between horsepower... T test or the p-value n c ) the preconceived notions of variability! Makes no, which of the following data the following statements contains a blunder Interpret! N Redraw the scatter diagram of the following results computed a Pearson 's r correlation coefficient for the data in... ( and, through 1989, for motorcycles ) term assumption in simple linear regression it reasonable to suppose cause! 12 ) essential source of information and ideas that make sense of a major automobile publication has collected data a! To be r=1 requested question, but with a biological twist n of course the next question,... Syria for Months, Even Years ) the correlation between X and Y. b an... Degrees of freedom, and critical value for your test in negatively skewed distributions, the data for! Of various cars and their gas mileage the question the dependent variable is the likely response variable could that... Is 0.568 inches per, all but one of the regression model estimate... Researcher 's analysis ) and ( b ) Interpret the correlation coefficient true! Chegg as specialists in their subject area ordinal variables 2,000 3,000 4,000 weight... Does this indicate ( 1 of 10 ): CC is abbr is! The Radiator from Inside First of all, the mileage of the car increase, the Radiator has be... And the gas mileage of the following statements is not an assumption of the car will and. Between height and weight is 0.568 inches per, all but one the...

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