Learn more about our academic and editorial standards. The diplomatic organization also consists of things like treaties and cooperation between two or more countries on different issues. This sample globalization research paper features: 6400 words (approx. MNCs are operating globally with satellite offices and branches in numerous locations. document.getElementById("ak_js").setAttribute("value",(new Date()).getTime()); 2017 PoliticalScienceNotes - All rights reserved Terms of Service Privacy Policy Contact Us. It offers abundant opportunities to transfer surplus, especially from the weak to the powerful. Constructions of identity provide collective solidarity against oppression. Others reject secularist character of the theory, its manifestation of the imperialism of westernist-modernist-rationalist knowledge. The convergence theory states that as the world continues to develop, expansion in technology and globalization will cause cultures around the globe to increasingly become more similar in a process called cultural convergence (Hess, 2016). The truths revealed by objective method are valid for anyone, anywhere, and anytime on earth. There is a large proportion of impoverished and illiterate individuals, as well as a small elite class that controls the majority of the economy. Modernisation theorists examine the countrys internal factors affecting its progress (eg: economic policies of the country) as it adapts to new technology, as well as the socio-political changes that arise. Powerful patterns of social consciousness cause globalisation. This would indicate that there is a start date to the globalisation period, the end of the Cold War being a popular option for most. 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In the 1500s, the British and Dutch import and export empires followed suit in this regard. The Philippines embodies the same fundamental reality as other Third World countries. An expansive global identity both provokes and facilitates an explanatory local identity. Thus globalization is the process of expanding the system from the regional or national level to encompass the entire planet. Marxism is principally concerned with modes of production, social exploitation through unjust distribution, and social emancipation through the transcendence of capitalism. This can include factors such as people from multiple ethnic or religious backgrounds living in the same area of a city. These countries have a powerful central government that is well-funded through taxes. Economies today are more interdependent than ever which further enhances the process of globalisation. https://www.jstor.org/stable/178161. Certain knowledge structures support certain power hierarchies. Another example of this is the "soccer mom" who goes to church, does yoga and goes out to eat at a Mexican restaurant. The globalization process that has been expected to bring people together has not been able to maintain a harmonious multi-cultural world. Your email address will not be published. and along structural lines of class, gender, race etc. Its origins are traced back to the mid-1960s when Clark Kerr states that societies around the globe were continuously becoming more and more alike due to technological, communication, and transportation advancements. globalization and increased economic integration, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10645-019-09333-, https://doi.org/10.1080/09502386.2011.600527. However, the developed nations of the world must never strive to go against it, not because the deprived nations benefit from it but because it is favorable for all the human beings. This often becomes a reason for misunderstandings, sometimes aggression in the interaction of representatives of opposing worldviews, preferences or traditions. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Modernisation theorys core argument is that with economic growth and development, any country can become advanced, industrialised and follow the footsteps of Western democratic countries in their goals. He argued that homogenizing cultures would create a utopian world without conflicts and disparities (Brubaker, 2022). Such competition occurs both between individual, firms, etc. However, Biyane Michael criticises them. Critical theory describes the mediations between different phenomena, Kerr believed that this process was being driven by changes in technology, communication, and transportation that allowed for increased international trade and collaboration. Thus, the idea of the adherents of convergence was confirmed that the market form of economy applies only to a part of socio-economic relations and, in many cases, turns out to be harmful and powerless. heterogeneity: [noun] the quality or state of consisting of dissimilar or diverse elements : the quality or state of being heterogeneous. Sceptics, such as Hirst and Thompson (1996) ostensibly argue that globalisation is a myth which conceals the reality of an international economy increasingly segmented into three major regional blocs in which national governments remain very powerful. Finally, transformationalists such as Rosenau (1997) or Giddens (1990) argue that globalisation occurs as states and societies across the globe are experiencing a process of profound change as they try to adapt to a more interconnected but highly uncertain world. Further, this will prove them more evolved. Globalization Research Paper. Galbraith explained the inevitability of convergence because the large scale of production, characteristic of developed capitalist and socialist countries, requires an approximately similar planning and organization system. It puts emphasis on social construction of masculinity and femininity. glocalization, the simultaneous occurrence of both universalizing and particularizing tendencies in contemporary social, political, and economic systems. The technological version of Galbraiths convergence has also gained wide popularity. Countries in Western West Europe and the United States of America are examples of core countries. Women have tended to be marginalised, silenced and violated in global communication. Confusion of how globalisation can bring juxtaposing notions of homogeneity and heterogeneity simultaneously is understood by the fact that whilst global commodities might be Wood-Wallace, D (2009) 'Globalisation, Homogeneity and . The second and third generations of immigrants in many countries are torn between the culture of their 'native' land and the culture where they grew up. Mishra, R. (1976). The following globalization example gives an understanding of the most common type of areas where globalization exists. Today, convergence theory is a valuable tool for understanding the effects of increased global interconnectedness on societies and cultures worldwide. Accordingly, the term globalisation reflects increased interconnectedness in political, economic and cultural matters across the world creating a shared social space. By investigating these differences, you can reach a much greater understanding of what factors influence the intervention, and what result you can expect next time the intervention is implemented. Start your research with authoritative encyclopedias and handbooks in the social and behavioral sciences. She holds a Masters degree in International Business from Lviv National University and has more than 6 years of experience writing for different clients. Many forms of supra-territorial solidarities are appearing through globalisation. It is secular as it defines reality in terms of the tangible world of experience. This shows that globalization has a good presence in the banking industry. There are various challenges that a multicultural society has to face. Both sides use Japan as an example. They form in or out as well as us and they groups. Trade The exchange of goods and services between nations. https://doi.org/10.1080/09502386.2011.600527. Possibly, globalization plays a primary role in removing the social, cultural, economic, and political distances across the nations and makes global mobility and travel across the world easy. Among those who predict increasing cultural homogeneity as a result of globalization, some believe that divisive identity politics will not survive the increased interdependence brought about by a global culture. (2) Deeks JJ, Higgins JPT, Altman DG (editors). Initially, dependency theory was connected mostly with Latin American countries that were embedded in the capitalist system. Class is a key axis of power in globalisation, but it is not the only one. Power theorists also neglect the importance and role of other actors in generating globalisation. But they fail to understand that everything in globalisation does not come down to the acquisition, distribution and exercise of power. In the growth of contemporary globalisation, besides political and economic forces, there are material and ideational elements. Culture is constantly changing and developmental, which is influenced by two factors, the natural environment and the social environment. As convergence theory has become highly regarded in many fields, it is still subject to criticism since ignores cultural and historical differences, overlooks power and inequality, and oversimplifies complexity. It is really fine that the different cultures in the world sustain their identity and even be proud of their historical and cultural backgrounds but they are never entitled to subjugate and devalue others cultures and values. The natural environment with a limited and gradual impact on culture is relatively stable. This is the reality of dependent and uneven development, which enriches global corporations and their local partners while impoverishing the poorest people. Periphery countries generally refer to nations in Latin America and Africa that have unstable governments. Efforts are to be made to prevent globalisation from unfairly aiding the development and prosperity of advanced nations alone either by reevaluating the guidelines for international trade or by simply forcing core countries to foster development in underdeveloped nations. This would be a win-win situation for the company and the employee as he struggled to get the job. On the other hand this is going to strengthen the phenomenon of ethnocentrism. Its a descriptive term for when material moves from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. Cultural hybridization refers to the mixing of Asian, African, American, European cultures: hybridization is the making of global culture as a global melange. Political globalization. There are multiple areas where globalization took place. However, none should substitute multiculturalism as it is the evolution human beings have made in their social lives. Wilensky, H. L. (2002). For example, in numerous nations worldwide, it is now employed as an aviation lingua franca, while many international businesses also rely on it . Globalization is the free global movement of capital, people, information, technology, services, products and goods. Further, the society wherein multiculturalism has to exist always generates a sort of fear of loss of national identity. convergence theory is the idea that as rich countries got richer, they developed similar economic, political, and social structures and to some extent common values and beliefs (p. 3). Thresholds for the interpretation of I can be misleading, since the importance of inconsistency depends on several factors. Viktoriya Sus (MA) and Peer Reviewed by Chris Drew (PhD), Origins and History of Convergence Theory, 1. The essay is a critique of the third of these waves and its relationship with the second wave. You will receive our monthly newsletter and free access to Trip Premium. Shreya provides background and context on the importance and use of decisionsupport tools via mobile devices in primary healthcare settings, whilst also summarizing a 2021 Cochrane review on this topic. About The Helpful Professor But, unfortunately, this concept has been vehemently ignored by the people and the violation of the same concept has led to the killing of millions of people. The Hyperglobalists purportedly argue that contemporary globalisation defines a new era in which people everywhere are increasingly subject to the disciplines of the global marketplace. Contemporary globalisation, besides heterogeneity theory of globalization examples and economic forces, there are various challenges that multicultural... Process that has been expected to bring people together has not been able to maintain a harmonious multi-cultural world information. 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