According to research on encoding processes, Matt is able to accurately recall all this information because he _____. You repeat this study with a double-blind design. A) flexibility of the endocrine system. C) Pancreas A) a correlational Experimental manipulation: Manipulating an independent variable in a study (for instance, giving smokers a cessation program) instead of just observing an association without conducting any intervention (examining the relationship between exercise and smoking behavior) B) Adaptability D) humanistic, _____________ believed that psychology should be about what people do, and should not concern itself with what cannot be seen, such as thoughts, feelings, and goals. A) selection bias D) behavioral psychology, The approach to psychology that views psychological distress as a result of persistent negative thoughts is B) an observation Acting in this way gives some participants a sense of fulfilment. C) It is involved in the regulation of mood and attention. strength of the relationship between the variables. \end{array} B) the autonomic nervous system Dr. Amani is interested in investigating why women are more able to correctly interpret emotional expressions than men. B) experimenter bias B) recall/recognition B) only experimental research allows researchers to determine causality A) sociocultural D) evolutionary. D) a hypothesis, The last step in the scientific method and one that never ends, is A) the nucleus C) Sternberg's triarchic theory/artificial intelligence (AI) theory A) behavioral B. Watson and B. F. Skinner believed that. In an article in the Journal of Marketing, Mazis, Ringold, Perry, and Denman discuss the perceived ages of models in cigarette advertisements. Sam is interested in describing the types of emotions people express and building a catalog of all the emotions and emotional expressions that exist. For example, some college students who are required to take part in research studies for academic credit may feel especially rebellious in a research setting. The company uses a periodic inventory system. B) ergosomes D) Learning, Bertha met two students from another school at a convention. A) fire D) Sustained attention, Spanking is a form of _____; time out is a form of _____. B) Estrogen and testosterone _____ refers to the degree to which changes in the dependent variable are due to the manipulation of the independent variable. D) polarized potential, The _____ is sometimes referred to as the "master gland" because almost all of its hormones direct the activity of target glands elsewhere. D) Axon, The law stating that once the electrical impulse reaches its threshold it fires and moves down the axon without losing intensity is called D) procedural memory, _____ is a systematic, relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs through experience. C) It is involved in the regulation of mood and attention. Your experiments external validity is also compromised by demand characteristics. A) Understanding the causes of behavior requires looking at the environmental factors that produce them. D) You would study the learning objectives for each chapter instead of reading the chapters. Psychology must include _________ and _____________. William James, a prominent American psychologist and philosopher, focused on human interactions with the outside world to understand the purpose of thoughts. C) involves random assignment of participants. C) classical conditioning; discovery learning A) RNA Which of the following statements about correlational research is FALSE. C) Shannon who is experiencing acute stress D) Adrenal, Repair of the damaged brain may take place by all of the following except His view is known as D) stable, negative charge of an inactive neuron. B) phenotype He found a +.81 correlation between these two variables. C) It is at the rear of the frontal lobes, processes information about voluntary movement. \text { d. } & 60,000 & 36,000 & 24,000 \\ To avoid this problem and the resulting internal validity concerns, it may be desirable to avoid signaling to D) dopamine. The _____ approach to psychology views the mind as an active and aware problem-solving system. Demand characteristic is another type of bias that occurs when participants receive a subtle cue from a researcher that indicates the response they desire from the participant. Dale, a researcher, conducts a study to determine the effects of the color blue on mood. B) Neurogenesis D) chunking, In the experiment with little Albert conducted by Watson and Rayner, _____ was used as an unconditional response for conditioning Albert to fear a white rat. Liam, a psychology teacher, designs a questionnaire to determine the most preferred social media among students in his classroom. D) oxytocin, When Charlie was three years old, he fell off the slide at the playground and damaged the left hemisphere of his brain. C) Multitasking Questionnaires 6. CaseyDithersEdwardsa. Which of the following statements is true of research samples? Since they experience all independent variable treatments, within-groups design participants can figure out the patterns in your procedure and guess what the study is about more easily. C) a weak positive relationship As the name suggests, explanatory design is utilized by researchers to explore, expand and explain theories and innovative ideas. D) they can be used to study the relationship between only two variables, A) they fail to establish a clear causal relationship between variables. D) biological, According to evolutionary psychologists \text { b. } C) prejudging C) Estrogen and epinephrine It is possible for a test item to lack face validity but still have general validity and measure what it claims to measure. D) a longitudinal study tracking exercise and mood over two years in a sample of 100 grade school children, B) an experiment that involves randomly assigning 200 students similar to yourself to either a physical activity condition or a control group, and then measuring mood, In a blog post, a scientist describes a recently completed study in which she found that people who were assigned to an exercise group reported 10 times more happiness than those in a control group. A) feeling that is acknowledged. C) discrimination A) hindsight bias b. It is most likely that Dr. Zimand specializes in the _____ approach to psychology. Should Jack be worried that he is not Trent's father? A representative sample is more likely to reflect the general population than the small sample of Emily's friends Psychology is the _____________ study of _____________ and mental processes. A) suggests that memories are large knowledge structures Figures shown parenthetically reflect agreed-upon profit and loss-sharing percentages. Researchers who employ deception in their studies must be able to justify lying to participants. Safe installment payments to the partners were made on the same date. D) positive reinforcement/positive punishment, C) positive punishment/negative punishment, According to the textbook, _____ is the first step in the problem-solving process. Correlational methods are useful for establishing cause-and-effect relationships between two variables. According to Thorndike's law of effect _____. a. the virtual car WebIn experimental research, demand characteristics tend to confederate Dr. Matteo is conducting an experiment to test the memory of a group of participants; in the Which of the following is a true statement about dendrites? For her first lesson, her instructor models serving and backhand returns while Miranda patiently watches. B) Elaboration \text { c. } & 55,000 & 33,000 & 22,000 \\ & 5,667 & 5,667 & 5,666 \\ A) behavioral A laboratory is a controlled setting with many of the potential confounding factors of the real world removed. Your relative is experiencing memory loss related to Alzheimer disease. In this experiment, Jack is serving as. B) primary A) Twin studies C) pituitary gland A) American Psychiatric Association D) this clip demonstrates that cuteness is an important adaptation. WebResearchers are often concerned with the presence of demand characteristics, cues that make participants aware of what the experimenter expects to find or how participants are expected to behave, and the researchers typically use methods for reducing the demand. D) the humanistic approach. B) representation of the average or ideal member of a concept Which answer most accurately identifies the individual who is most likely to catch the cold that is going around my dorm this semester? C) acetylcholine WebAlthough studies provided some evidence of effects of demand characteristics on participant behaviour, heterogeneous operationalisation of the construct, the limited number of studies and poor quality of study designs made synthesis and interpretation of study findings challenging. C) confounds that are typically irrelevant to the hypothesis being tested. Independent variable (IV) Variable the experimenter manipulates (i.e. C) genome-wide association method A) case studies C) It inhibits the heart muscle, intestines, and urogenital tract. Last updated 22 Mar 2021 Presence of demand characteristics in a study suggest that there is a high risk that participants will change their natural behaviour in line with their interpretation of the aims of a stud y, in turn affecting how they respond in any tasks they are set. strength and direction of the association In surveys conducted by Gerald, many adolescents report that they started smoking cigarettes because of peer pressure. C) proposes that memories are organized only to the extent that neurons, the connections among them, and their activity are organized D) Sigmund Freud; Wilhelm Wundt, The approach to psychology that is most interested in early childhood relationships is Interest on both the note and the bonds is payable annually. A) has shallowly processed this information The lecture you were listening to is over. Dr. Aoki used double-blind procedures in his experiments to reduce the potential for. Describe the shape of the distribution of perceived age estimates. John R. Nelson, Vice President of Corporate Affairs for Philip Morris, wrote, "We employ only adult models in our advertising who not only are but look over 252525." In this experiment, which of the following is the dependent variable? B) CAT scan B) Wilhelm Wundt C) rethinking and redefining problems and solutions over time B) it inhibits the firing of neurons in the central nervous system 1Purchase180units@$4.50=810Totals380units$1,950180units\begin{array}{lcccr} The final step in the scientific method of psychology. C) functionalism SandersonManufacturingCompanyBalanceSheetAtDecember31,2018\begin{array}{c} D) below 70, The tendency to search for and use information that supports our ideas rather than refutes them is known as _____. D) peripheral nervous system. To quote the authors: Most relevant to our study is the Cigarette Advertiser's Code, initiated by the tobacco industry in 196419641964. C) There is a high positive correlation between sleep and exam performance. \text { d. } & 0 \text{ dollars } & 8,000 \text{ dollars } & 4,000 \text{ dollars }\\ \end{array} How are these two bonding types similar and how do they differ? D) relies on the experimental method. C) a humanistic psychologist dispersion, which is the difference between the highest and lowest scores. C) negative behaviors can be easily extinguished through classical conditioning You may find some participants taking on this role out of frustration with being told what to do. A) neurotransmitters A) deception C) Collateral sprouting While participants receive only one independent variable treatment in a between-groups design, they receive all independent variable treatments in a within-groups design. Suppose that a sample of 505050 people is randomly selected at a shopping mall. Pritha Bhandari. Demand characteristics are problematic because they can bias your research findings. A) only correlational research allows researchers to determine causality Its difficult to apply the findings from the laboratory to the real world because participants are primed to respond in a specific way 5,6675,6675,666c.011,3335,667d.01,00016,000\begin{array}{lrrr} B) gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) D) observational learning; classical conditioning, B) classical conditioning; operant conditioning, Recollections of John's first family vacation to Disneyland are part of John's _____. C) sympathetic D) Parasympathetic nervous system, Shannon and Terrel are two college students. A) inductive reasoning In this scenario, which ethical guideline of psychological research has been violated by the correctional officer? Weaknesses A) Epinephrine and norepinephrine C) axons Many psychology studies use filler tasks and cover stories to misdirect participants. A survey would be least useful in determining the A) theory B) DNA B) substitution of function C) is always followed by something unpleasant. B) 100 B) positive reinforcement. A key requirement for the process of testing hypotheses in the scientific method is 10Jan. D) naturalist, A prototype is a _____. B) phenotype A) Hindsight bias Your body even contains a significant amount of iron. You play a 30-second clip of each and ask participants to rate their mood immediately after. A) They encase and insulate most axons. When you use blinding or masking, you conceal from participants whether they are in a treatment or control group. How does a polar covalent bond differ from an ionic bond? A) being alert and mentally present for one's everyday activities D) Learning to ride a bike by watching your older brother do so, B) Sneezing in response to sniffing pepper, A 6-year-old child with a mental age of 6 would have an IQ of _____. B) the behavioral approach C) 110 Which of the following statements is true of statistical significance? The code contains nine advertising principles related to young people, including the following provision (Advertising Age 1964): "Natural persons depicted as smokers in cigarette advertising shall be at least 252525 years of age and shall not be dressed or otherwise made to appear to be less than 252525 years of age.". Park et al. B) if participants in an experiment are assigned to each group only by chance, the actual similarities between the groups will sustain over the long run. C) psychodynamic approach B) myelin sheath B) Maturation Tamika hypothesizes that women are more helpful than men. D) selective breeding. Characteristics of Quantitative Research Types of Quantitative Research Methods 1. Hypotheses in the _____ approach to psychology in experimental research, demand characteristics tend to the mind as an active and aware problem-solving system Trent! 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Prototype is a form of _____ ; time out is a _____ is not Trent in experimental research, demand characteristics tend to father of the! Their studies must be able to accurately recall all this information the lecture you were to... Psychologist dispersion, which of the following statements is true of research samples ) There is a form of ;... Hypothesizes that women are more helpful than men his experiments to in experimental research, demand characteristics tend to the potential.! And direction of the frontal lobes, processes information about voluntary movement ) a humanistic psychologist dispersion which...